 |
• Defoliation caused by the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., in Massachusetts in 1971-86. From Liebhold and Elkinton (1989; Forest Sci. 35: 557-568). |
• Outbreak of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk., in lodgepole pine forests of Glacier National Park. From McGregor et al. (1983; USDA Report 83-16). |
Synchronization of Outbreaks
Examples of synchronized outbreaks:
Defoliation caused by the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., in Massachusetts in 1971-86. From Liebhold and Elkinton (1989; Forest Sci. 35: 557-568).
Outbreak of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk., in lodgepole pine forests of Glacier National Park. From McGregor et al. (1983; USDA Report 83-16).
Three main hypotheses:
Direct weather effect (this is a good explanation for gradient species)
Migration from outbreak area triggers an outbreak in adjacent areas (e.g., bark beetles)
Weather synchronizes population oscillations = Moran''s effect (gypsy moth?)
Synchronization of Outbreaks
Examples of synchronized outbreaks:
• Defoliation caused by the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L., in Massachusetts in 1971-86. From Liebhold and Elkinton (1989; Forest Sci. 35: 557-568).
• Outbreak of the mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopk., in lodgepole pine forests of Glacier National Park. From McGregor et al. (1983; USDA Report 83-16).
Three main hypotheses:
• Direct weather effect (this is a good explanation for gradient species)
• Migration from outbreak area triggers an outbreak in adjacent areas (e.g., bark beetles)
• Weather synchronizes population oscillations = Moran''s effect (gypsy moth?)
http://home.comcast.net/~sharov/PopEcol/popecol.html
