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The Elements of Style The Elements of Style (also known as Strunk & White) is an American English writing style guide. It is one of the most influential and best-known prescriptive treatments of English grammar and usage in the United States. Business Communication Indo-European languages Tutorial Online Scientific Method Welcome to Gotham Writers'' Workshop http://www.writingclasses.com/ Most Popular Fiction Writing Screenwriting Memoir Writing Creative Writing 101 10 & 6-Week Workshops Article Writing Children''s Book Writing Fiction Writing Humor Writing Memoir Writing Mystery Writing Novel Writing Playwriting Poetry Writing Romance Writing Science Fiction Writing Screenwriting Songwriting Stand-Up Comedy Writing Travel Writing TV Writing Business Writing Film Analysis Nonfiction 101 Reading Fiction Selling Seminars How To Blog How To Get Published How To Sell Your Screenplay Nonfiction Book Proposal Specialty Workshops Creative Writing 101 Film School Jumpstart Your Writing One-Day Workshops Character Development Dialogue Writing Food Writing Personal Essay Writing Teen Creative Writing Write It Right! Writing Documentary Films IELTS Academic writting !!! http://www.britishcouncil.org/professionals-exams-ielts-academic-5a.htm Experiment http://www.experiment-resources.com/pilot-study.html A Student Handbook for Writing in Biology http://www.sinauer.com/detail.php?id=4917 learning to write according to the conventions in biology. The first chapter introduces the scientific method and experimental design. Because the scientific method relies on the work of other scientists, Chapter 2 provides instructions for finding primary literature using article databases and scholarly search engines. Journal articles have a well-defined structure, but are typically hard to read because they are written for specialists. To help students read and comprehend the technical literature, Chapter 3 describes scientific paper tone and format, provides strategies for reading technical material, emphasizes the importance of paraphrasing when taking notes, and gives examples of how to present and cite information to avoid plagiarism. Using the standards of journal publication as a model, students are then given specific instructions for writing their own laboratory reports with accepted format and content, self-evaluating drafts, and using peer and instructor feedback to refine their writing. Besides writing about it, scientists communicate scientific knowledge through posters and oral presentations. How these presentation forms differ from papers in terms of purpose, content, and delivery is the subject of the last two chapters of the book. Scientific communication requires more than excellent writing skills—it requires technical competence on the computer. Most first-year students have had little experience producing Greek letters and mathematical symbols, sub- and superscripted characters, graphs, tables, drawings, and equations. Yet these are characteristics of scientific papers that require a familiarity with the computer beyond basic keyboarding skills. For exactly this reason, almost half of the book is devoted to Microsoft Word, Excel, and PowerPoint features that enable scientists to produce professional quality papers, graphs, posters, and oral presentations effectively and efficiently. In the Third Edition, the appendices have been updated for Microsoft Office 2007 and include instructions for making bar graphs and pie charts and adding error bars in Excel 2007. The sections on designing an experiment and recording and summarizing data in Chapter 1 have been reorganized for clarity. The focus of Chapter 2 has been shifted from finding primary references to developing a literature search strategy: criteria for choosing a database or search engine to find scholarly information; strategies for defining effective keywords; ways to expand or limit a search; tips on evaluating hits and finding related articles; options for retrieving full-text articles; and an introduction to RefWorks as an example of references management software that reduces the tediousness of formatting citations and end references in scientific papers. The section on plagiarism in Chapter 3 has been expanded to help students recognize what kinds of information must be acknowledged and how to do so appropriately. In Chapter 4, more guidance is provided on selecting and preparing graphs based on the types of variables and the purpose of the figure. In addition, the section on citing Internet sources has been updated to include examples of online journal articles, databases, and websites. As in the Second Edition, there are numerous examples of faulty writing (along with revisions) to alert students to pitfalls when writing different sections of a scientific paper. The guidelines for preparing effective posters in Chapter 7 are augmented by examples of posters on the Sinauer Associates Web page. Each poster is accompanied by a short evaluation of the positive and negative aspects of the layout and content. Throughout, the Third Edition reflects Council of Science Editors (CSE) updates. While some users of this book may enjoy reading it cover-to-cover, the majority will use it primarily as a look-up reference. Most of the sections are designed to stand alone so that readers can look up a topic in the index and find the answer to their question. Those who want to learn more about the topic have the option of reading related sections or entire chapters. The book is augmented by ancillary materials available on the Sinauer Associates Web page. A biology lab report template in Microsoft Word provides prompts that help students get used to scientific paper format and content. The Biology Lab Report Checklist can be printed out to help students self-evaluate or peer review lab reports. Both instructors and students may find the Laboratory Report Mistakes table handy for use in both the revision and feedback stages. The Evaluation Form for Oral Presentations enables listeners to provide feedback to the speaker on things that he/she is doing well as well as areas that need improvement. Similarly, the Evaluation Form for Poster Presentations can be used as a checklist for the presenter and an evaluation tool for visitors during the actual poster session. All of the above documents are available for downloading from the download page for A Student Handbook for Writing in Biology, Third Edition. Back to top Table of Contents 1. The Scientific Method An Introduction to the Scientific Method 2. Developing a Literature Search Strategy Databases and Search Engines for Scientific Information Database Search Strategies Evaluating Search Results Managing References (Citations) 3. Reading and Writing Scientific Papers Types of Scientific Writing Hallmarks of Scientific Writing Scientific Paper Format Styles for Documenting References Strategies for Reading Journal Articles Strategies for Reading your Textbook Study Groups Plagiarism The Benefits of Learning to Write Scientific Papers Credibility and Reputation Model Papers 4. Step-by-Step Instructions for Preparing a Laboratory Report or Scientific Paper Timetable Getting Started Start with the Materials and Methods Section Do the Results Section Next Make Connections Effective Advertising Documenting Sources 5. Revision Getting Ready to Revise Revise Again The Biology Lab Report Checklist 6. A “Good” Sample Student Laboratory Report Laboratory Report Mistakes 7. Poster Presentations Why Posters? Poster Format Making a Poster in Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 Poster Content Presenting Your Poster Evaluation Form for Poster Presentations 8. Oral Presentations Organization Plan Ahead Write the Text Prepare the Visuals Rehearsal Delivery Feedback Appendix 1. Word Processing in Microsoft Word 2007 Introduction Good Houskeeping Increasing your Word Processing Efficiency Commands in Word Unfurling the Ribbon Proofreading your Documents Appendix 2. Making Graphs in Microsoft Excel 2007 Introduction Commands in Excel 2007 Formulas in Excel 2007 Unfurling the Ribbon Other Ribbon Tabs Excel Terminology Goodbye Chart Wizard, Hello Insert Charts Plotting XY Graphs (Scatter Charts) Adding Data after Graph has been Made Multiple Lines on an XY Graph Trendlines Plotting Bar Graphs Pie Graphs Error Bars and Variability Appendix 3. Preparing Oral Presentations with Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 Views for Organizing and Writing your Presentation Designs for New Presentations Slide Layouts Formatting Text Sample Presentation Illustrations Navigating Among Slides in Normal View Saving and Printing Presentations Revising and Polishing Presentations Delivering Presentations Classes http://www.hellolocal.com/ypsearch.cfm?kw=class%20english%20free&KID=30407&gclid=CLPN54OntqACFRmjagodsFdIUQ |
