 | Freshwater Ecology |
Spongilla lacustris |
Iceberg |
TOPICS: WATER, LIGHT, HEAT, GASES, NUTRIENTS, LAKES, STREAMS, INVERTEBRATE ECOLOGY,
ALGAE, FUNGI, PORIFERA, CNIDARIA, PLATYHELMINTHES, ROTIFERA, NEMATODA, GASTROPODA,
BIVALVIA, ANNELIDA, BRYOZOA, INSECTA, CRUSTACEA, PRIMARY PRODUCTION, SECONDARY PRODUCTION, DETRITUS PROCESSING, MACROPHYTES
WATER
Annual evapotranspiration (ET)
Annual precipitation and discharge
Boiling/freezing points of water vs. other substances
Density and viscosity of water
ET and daily discharge
Global distribution of water
Latent heat of vaporization/melting
Temperature-density of water
Iceberg
LIGHT
Solar energy reaching earth
Light/latitude/season
Light transmission through ice
Light transmission isopleths
Light transmission in water
Light penetration-snow/ice
Light absorption by water
Light absorption by colored H2O
Vertical light penetration
Secchi depth by season
Secchi depth and plants
Secchi depth and color
Electromagnetic spectrum
Photosynthetic absorbance (PAR)
HEAT
Heat budget curve
Lake heat budgets
Light/temperature profiles
Mt. Lake isotherms
Mt. Lake: late summer strat.
Mt. Lake: overturn/stratification
Mt. Lake, Tom Wallace lake, Lake Itasca
Summer Stratification
Thermal discontinuities
Wallace lake thermal data
GASES
CO2 and pH
CO2 by depth
CO2 cycle
Nomogram for O2 saturation
Types of oxyget distribution with depth
NUTRIENTS - LAKES
N by depth
N cycle
N in sediments
Nutrient forms in Streams and Lakes
Nutrients and phytoplankton
P and chlorophyll
P cycle in lakes
P loading curves
P methods
NUTRIENTS - STREAMS
Nutrient forms in Streams and Lakes
Stream N dynamics
Nutrient spiraling model
LAKES
Worlds largest lakes
Lake Formation:
Arctic lakes in Alaska
Beaverdam formation, Virginia: beaver-made lake
Crater Lake, OR: caldera lake
Crater Lake, OR in 1958
Glacial lake, Cascades National Park: glacial tarn
Lake Baikal, Siberia: graben lake
Landslide lake, Yellowstone National Park: impoundment lake
Meteor crater in AZ
Oxbow lake diagram
Pothole lakes, ND: kettle lakes
Reservoir on Tennessee River: man-made lake
Small glacial lake above Lake Louise, CA
Physical Properties of Lakes:
Apparent color of clear lake, Lake Louise, CA
Bathymetric map
Cold monomictic lake, Rocky Mountain National Park
Dimictic lake, Lake Windimere
Dimictic lake, Mountain Lake, VA
Hypsographic Curves: Depth-area and Depth-volume
Lake Drummond, VA
Langmuir spirals
Langmuir spirals in Prince Edward Island lake
Langmuir Spirals - Lock Ness - Scotland
Turbulence formation
Under ice currents
Vortex formation
Warm monomictic lake, Lake Drummond, VA
Waves on beaches
Wave structure
Biological Properties of Lakes:
Lake succession
Life zones in lakes
STREAMS
Actual River Gradient
Basic Drainage Patterns
Carbon flow diagram
Degree day accumulation by habitat
Degree day accumulation by latitude
Drainage pattern types
Drainage network
Discharge frequency and magnitude
Energy input comparison
Erosion/Deposition in streams
Floodplain
Free-flowing rivers of the U.S.
Hydrologic cycle
Impounded rivers
Longitudinal river profile
Losing and gaining streams
Major US river systems
Major Virginia river systems
Manning equation
Manning Roughness coefficients
Max. daily temperature by order
Meanders
Mississippi River Basin
New River map
Number and length of stream orders
Nutrient spiralling
Rating curve
Reynolds number
Riffle-pool sequence
River continuum concept diagram
Sediment yield vs. precipitation
Sediment transplant by floods
Spatial and temporal scales
Stream hydrograph 1
Stream hydrograph 2
Stream order and length
Teays River maps 1 and 2
Total length of stream orders
U.S. 10 biggest rivers
Valley Formation
Velocity and depth
Velocity and erosion
Wentworth scale
World''s 10 biggest rivers
ALGAE
Algae common in sewage ponds
Algae in hot springs
Algal Mat
Benthic algae
Surface algae
Stream algae
Blue-green bacteria:
Anabaena
Anabaena bloom in Darling River, Australia
Bacteria shapes
Colonial blue-green
Dead algae on lake surface
Filamentous blue-green
Historic blue-green toxicity problems
Recent blue-green toxicity problems
Spirogyra
YUCK! Algal slime
Diatoms:
Diatom under microscope
Scanning electron micrograph of diatom
FUNGI
Biofilm photo
Fungal colonized leaves
Hyphomycete
PRIMARY PRODUCTION
Diatom Growth Response to Nutrient Addition
Grazing Effects
Growth forms of periphyton
Open Water Method
Periphyton Bioassay System
DETRITUS PROCESSING
Conceptual Diagram of Solute Processes in Streams
CPOM-Microbe-shredders
FPOM-Collector
Microbial Conditioning
Periphyton-grazer
River Continuum Concept
Simplified Model of Principal Carbon Fluxes in a Stream Ecosystem
Sources of Organic Matter
PORIFERA
Gemmule
Sponge photo
Sponge with endosymbionts
CNIDARIA
Hydra photo
Jellyfish photo
PLATYHELMINTHES
Liver fluke cycle
Planarian feeding
Planarian photo
Planarian regeneration
Planarian with endosymbionts
Schistosomiasis cycle
ROTIFERA
Rotifer anatomy
Rotifer cyst
Rotfer life cycle
Rotifer mastax
Rotifer photo
Various rotifers
NEMATODA
Nematode anatomy
Nematode stylet
GASTROPODA
Apple snail
Gastropod mouthparts
Gastropods underwater
BIVALVIA
Bivalve anatomy
Bivalve shell orientation
Bivalve shell structure
Clams in stream
Harvesting mollusks
Mollusk shells
Mussel life cycle
Mussel photo
Sphaeriidae shell types
Zebra mussel photo
Zebra mussel life cycle
Zebra mussels rule!
Zebra mussels rule!-2
Zebra mussels rule cars!
ANNELIDA
Branchiobdellida
Don''t try this at home
Leech infested fish
Leeches
Medicinal leeches
Oligochaetes in sediment
Oligochaetes in streams
Oligochaete photo
Oligochaete setae
Oligochaete sex
Tubifex worm photo
Tubifex worms
BRYOZOA
Bryozoan anatomy
Bryozoan photo
statoblast
INSECTA
Ephemeroptera (mayflies):
Behningiidae (burrower) nymph
Baetidae (swimmer) nymph
Ephemeridae (burrower) nymph
Heptageniidae (clinger) nymph
Mayfly adult
Mayfly subimago
Post-emergent swarm of mayflies
Size of mayfly nymphs
Odonata (damselflies & dragonflies):
Damselfly life stages
Dragonfly life stages
Lower jaw (labium) of odonates
Plecoptera (stoneflies):
Perlidae life stages
Hemiptera (true bugs):
Corixidae (water boatman)
Hemiptera beak
Hemiptera life cycle
Megaloptera (dobsonflies):
Dobsonfly (adult)
Hellgrammite (larva)
Trichoptera (caddisflies):
Brachycentridae life stages
Caddisfly filter-feeding net
Helicopsychidae larva w/ case
Hydropsychidae life stages
Hydroptilidae larva w/ case
Limnephilidae larva w/ case
Macranema tube case
Phryganeidae larva w/ case
Polycentropodidae net-case
Rhyacophilidae (free-living) larva
Coleoptera (beetles):
Beetle life cycle
Diving beetle with plastron (portable air bubble)
Dytiscidae adult (predaceous diving beetle)
Dytiscidae larva
Elmidae adult (riffle beetle)
Gyrinidae adult (whirligig beetle) defense secretion
Miscellaneous aquatic beetles
Psephenidae larvae (water penny)
Diptera (true flies):
Culicidae (mosquito) life stages
Miscellaneous dipterans
Simuliidae (black fly) life stages
Simuliidae larvae in stream
Tipulidae (crane fly) life stages
CRUSTACEA
Amphipoda (scuds):
Amphipod anatomy
Isopoda (sowbugs):
Isopod anatomy
Cladocera (waterfleas):
Cladoceran cyclomorphosis
Female Daphnia pulex
Female macrothricid
Miscellaneous cladocerans
Copepoda (copepods):
Copepod anatomy
Cyclopoid copepod
Miscellaneous copepods
Parasitic copepods
Decapoda (shrimps & crayfish):
Decapod carapace
Decapod eggs
Decapod house
Decapod photo
INVERTEBRATE ECOLOGY
Density of collectors-gatherers by habitat
Growth rates vs. temperature
Iso-vels around a mayfly
Invertebrate abundance/diversity by habitat
Invertebrate abundance vs. detritus
Invertebrate biomass by habitat
Invertebrate growth and oxygen
Mayfly life cycle and temperature
Periphyton-grazers Macrophytes-piercers
SECONDARY PRODUCTION
Annual Secondary Production--Increment Summation Method
Annual Secondary Production--Size Frequency Method
Size-frequency patterns of Aquatic Insect life cycles
Theorietical Cohort Life Cycle of Aquatic Insect
MACROPHYTES
Duck weed & emergents
Floating leaves - Swanee River, GA
Macroalgae - Agricultural stream - Ohio
Macrophytes - Pond on Blue Ridge Parkway
Podostemum - New River
Submerged Macrophytes - Pond BRP
Water cress in Big Spring, VA
Waterlillies
Water willow - New River
Wrack - Lake Mendota, Wis
